Visas and Formalities for Working in Southern Europe

Relocating to Southern Europe: A Practical Guide for EU Citizens
Thinking about working and living in Spain, Portugal, or Greece? You're not the only one. With their sunny climates, vibrant cultures, and growing job markets, these Southern European countries are top destinations for international jobseekers.

If you're a European citizen, you might be asking:
"Which visa do I need for working in Southern Europe?"
Good news! In most cases, you don’t need one. Thanks to the European Union’s freedom of movement, relocating within the EU is relatively simple. But there are still some important administrative steps to complete to work and live legally.

In this guide, we’ll walk you through what you actually need to do — from registering your residence to accessing public services, so your move is as smooth as possible.

Do You Need a Visa?

Good news: as a European citizen, you don’t need a visa to live, work, or study in another EU country. You have the right to stay in another EU country for up to three months with just your ID card or passport. Beyond that, you’ll need to register as a resident in your new home country.

However, some formalities remain. For instance:

Spain requires you to apply for a Número de Identidad de Extranjero (NIE).
In Portugal, you’ll need to register for a Número de Identificação Fiscal (NIF).
In Greece, you’ll need to secure an ΑΦΜ (AFM), which is a tax identification number.

These numbers are essential for opening bank accounts, signing rental contracts, or even starting a mobile phone plan.

Do you need a job?

Administrative Steps for Moving and Working

Step 1: Register as a Resident

After three months of staying in a Southern European country, you must register as a resident. This is often done at the local town hall (or equivalent).

Documents you’ll need:

Proof of employment (e.g., work contract) or sufficient financial means.
Health insurance documentation.
A valid ID or passport.

Each country has specific nuances:

Spain: Visit the local police station to apply for your NIE and empadronamiento (municipal registration).
Portugal: Register at the town hall and request a residence certificate (Certificado de Registo de Cidadão da União Europeia).
Greece: Apply for a residence certificate (βεβαίωση εγγραφής) at the nearest Aliens Bureau or local police station.

Step 2: Set Up Your Social Security

If you’re working, your employer will typically handle this. However, freelancers or remote workers must register independently.

Spain: Social Security Number (Número de Seguridad Social).
Portugal: Social Security Identification Number (NISS).
Greece: AMKA (Social Security Number).

This ensures you’re eligible for healthcare and other benefits.

Step 3: Open a Bank Account

While many banks in Southern Europe are foreigner-friendly, opening a local account is easier with your NIE, NIF, or AFM. Some countries might require proof of residence.

Practical Tips for a Seamless Move

Learn Basic Local Phrases

Even if most administrative offices have staff who speak English, knowing basic Spanish, Portuguese, or Greek will go a long way.

Keep Digital and Physical Copies of Documents

You never know when someone will ask for an additional copy. Always have extra passport-sized photos, too!

Plan for Bureaucratic Delays

Southern Europe is known for its laid-back approach—this extends to administrative offices. Arrive early, stay patient, and bring a book or podcast.

Consider Hiring a Gestor

In Spain and Portugal, gestores are professionals who can navigate paperwork on your behalf, saving you time and stress.

Why Work in Southern Europe?

From thriving tech hubs in Lisbon to booming tourism in Barcelona and Athens, Southern Europe offers a wealth of job opportunities in diverse industries. Add the warm climate, delicious cuisine, and rich cultural experiences, and it’s no surprise that the region is a top destination for European expats.

Ready to Make the Move?

Moving to Southern Europe as a European citizen is a golden opportunity to enhance your career while enjoying a high quality of life. With a bit of preparation and patience, you’ll find yourself settling in like a local in no time.

Need help finding the perfect job in Spain, Portugal, or Greece? At Blu Selection, we specialize in connecting talent with companies across Europe. Get in touch today to kickstart your Southern European adventure!